Look! It's a comet. it's Pluto No, it's Super-Earth!

[Dark Silver]

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - European researchers said on Monday they discovered a batch of three "super-Earths" orbiting a nearby star, and two other solar systems with small planets as well.
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They said their findings, presented at a conference in France, suggest that Earth-like planets may be very common.

"Does every single star harbor planets and, if yes, how many?" asked Michel Mayor of Switzerland's Geneva Observatory. "We may not yet know the answer but we are making huge progress towards it," Mayor said in a statement.

The trio of planets orbit a star slightly less massive than our Sun, 42 light-years away towards the southern Doradus and Pictor constellations. A light-year is the distance light can travel in one year at a speed of 186,000 miles a second, or about 6 trillion miles.

The planets are bigger than Earth -- one is 4.2 times the mass, one is 6.7 times and the third is 9.4 times.

They orbit their star at extremely rapid speeds -- one whizzing around in just four days, compared with Earth's 365 days, one taking 10 days and the slowest taking 20 days.

Mayor and colleagues used the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher or HARPS, a telescope at La Silla observatory in Chile, to find the planets.

More than 270 so-called exoplanets have been found. Most are giants, resembling Jupiter or Saturn. Smaller planets closer to the size of Earth are far more difficult to spot.

None can be imaged directly at such distances but can be spotted indirectly using radio waves or, in the case of HARPS, spectrographic measurements. As a planet orbits, it makes the star wobble very slightly and this can be measured.

"With the advent of much more precise instruments such as the HARPS spectrograph ... we can now discover smaller planets, with masses between 2 and 10 times the Earth's mass," said Stephane Udry, who also worked on the study.

The team also said they found a planet 7.5 times the mass of Earth orbiting the star HD 181433 in 9.5 days. This star also has a Jupiter-like planet that orbits every three years.

Another solar system has a planet 22 times the mass of Earth, orbiting every four days, and a Saturn-like planet with a 3-year period.

"Clearly these planets are only the tip of the iceberg," said Mayor.

"The analysis of all the stars studied with HARPS shows that about one third of all solar-like stars have either super-Earth or Neptune-like planets with orbital periods shorter than 50 days."

(Reporting by Maggie Fox; Editing by John O'Callaghan)

Posted without comment.....

which oddly enough...is a comment.

This is rather awesomesauce...

[frigidmagi]

So what does the rapid orbit mean in terms of what it would be like on those planets?

[Destructionator XV]

So what does the rapid orbit mean in terms of what it would be like on those planets?

I don't think it would mean anything, except there would be no seasons, since there would be enough stored heat to balance it out all year (assuming the planet was just like Earth in every other way - that is, it has oceans, an atmosphere, etc.). Someone looking at the sky would have an interesting look at the stars, as seasonal constellations cycle rapidly.

Of course, that close to the sun, there would only be one season anyway: Hot!

But, otherwise, I'm pretty sure life would be the same.


As to the discovery: awesomesauce seems appropriate. So cool; before long, we'll have good hard evidence saying the solar system isn't so special after all, something I look forward to very much (especially for my hard sci-fi!).

[Derek Thunder]

Some of the extrasolar planets discovered so far orbit only a few million kilometers from their star; well within the orbit of Mercury. It's possible they would be hot enough to have a permanently molten crust if they're not gaseous giants. If they are gas giants, one might expect rapid atmosphere bleed-off, so there may be cores of such planets orbiting older stars.

I have my suspicions that there is a problem with our methods and processing of data in regards to extrasolar planets though. Having a gas giant so close to a star means that rather than falling into the sun during formation (as in our system), loose gas congealed around another, much smaller body rather than the biggest attractor in the area.